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Rhinoceros hornbill breeding8/11/2023 ![]() After continuous monitoring of nests in the wild, four-egg clutches may not be unusual which is also supported by other studies and where the observed unexplained loss of chicks occurred. In the wild, observations have indicated that the largest clutch size of Oriental pied hornbills is three eggs, however, in captivity, four eggs have been documented. Here they placed video cameras in unoccupied nest cavities in forests of the island for two months from December to January. ![]() The four nest sites were 0.6–2.7 km apart, with tree cavities 7-12.1m high. The Oriental pied hornbills on the island started breeding after originally visiting from Malaysia. The Singapore Hornbill Project took place on Pulau Ubin, an island north-east of Singapore in the Straits of Johor, located in mixed secondary forest with old fruit plantations of mainly durian. Dietary factors are also a likely explanation for cannibalism in the common pheasant.Īn unusual discovery revealed the Oriental pied hornbill carries out infanticide followed by cannibalism. Obligatory siblicidal species normally involves a dominant aggressive chick reducing the brood size to one, compared to facultative siblicide where brood reduction is likely related to food resources, for example, for the raptor Osprey. ![]() ![]() Siblicide can either be obligatory, where a sibling almost certainly gets killed, or facultative, where siblicide is based on environmental conditions and, thus, may or may not occur. Infanticide has been documented in the Barn Swallow and Guira Cuckoo alongside other species, and siblicide has been reported amongst chicks in species like the Madagascar Fish Eagle. ![]()
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